Object and instance are same. you can say --Object is an instance of a class.

overloading of a function with same declaration as defined into base class is called as function overriding.

Static variables can not be initialized in a class as class is building block of the object and you can not allocate memory for class but of class object. Static variable needs to be initialized outside the class.

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 pure virtual member function is a member function that the base class forces derived classes to provide. Normally these member functions have no implementation. Pure virtual functions are equated to zero

Escaping variable uses when we want to break loop.

Only member function should have authority to invoke any other member function.
But constructor is used to initialise the values to data members. they are constant it cannot be invoked any other constuctor. If they are copied compiler should not understand what is member function and what is constructor, so ambiquity will be raised

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There are four types of storage class: automatic, register, external, and static.

Virtual destructors: If an object (with a non-virtual destructor) is destroyed explicitly by applying the delete operator to a base-class pointer to the object, the base-class destructor function (matching the pointer type) is called on the object.   There is a simple solution to this problem - declare a virtual base-class destructor. This makes all derived-class destructors virtual even though they don't have the same name as the base-class destructor. Now, if the object in the hierarchy is destroyed explicitly by applying the delete operator to a base-class pointer to a derived-class object, the destructor for the appropriate class is called. Virtual constructor: Constructors cannot be virtual. Declaring a constructor as a virtual function is a syntax error.