It is an inventory costing method under which the actual cost of a particular item is assigned to that item; used for determining cost of goods sold.

It is the stage in the production process at which joint products become identified as distinct products which can be sold or processed further; this is called the split-off point.

It is a check that is six months or older than the date affixed to the check by the maker. If a customer's check is presented more than six months after the date appearing on the check, the paying bank has the option of paying or dishonoring the check because the check is deemed "stale".

It is an agreement between multiple shipping companies to provide common freight rates. Some shipping lines will state that they are "non-conference", i.e., they charge an independent and likely lower rate.

It is debt over which senior debt takes priority. In the event of bankruptcy, subordinated debt holders receive payment only after senior debt claims are paid in full. There is a pecking order determining the sequence in which a company will pay off its debt instruments, subordinate (or junior) issues will not be repaid until unsubordinated (or senior) debt has been repaid in full.

It is when one currency is temporarily exchanged for another, then the currency is held and exchanged later after a fixed period of time. To calculate the swap take the interest rate differential between the two underlying currencies, thus it may be used for speculative purposes to exploit anticipated movement in the interest rates.

It is the working together of two or more things to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects. For example, in the context of mergers, cost synergy is the savings in operating costs expected after two companies, who compliment each other's strengths, join.