Instaling is the act of puting a software on one's system. Configuring is when one sets up the software to run properly or how one wants it to run.

The principle of least privilege requires that an application be given only those privileges that it needs to carry out its function and no more.

It  contains Destination address , subnet mask , default gateway .
The routing table consists of at least three information  fields --
  -> the network id - The destination network id
  -> cost - The cost of the path through which the packet is to be sent .
  -> Next hop - The address of the next station to which the packet is to be sent on the way to destination .

UTP is unshielded twisted pair cable.
this cable define in catagory
CAT 1,CAT 2,CAT 3,CAT 4,CAT 5,CAT 6,CAT 7
CAT 2 cable use in Telephone Wire.
CAT 5 & Later Catagories use in  LAN

Datalink layer is further divided into two sub layers 1. M.A.C.(Media Access Control) 2. L.L.C.(Logical Link Layer) Main Responsibilities Datalink layer are -> Framing -> Physical Adderessing. -> Flow Control
-> Error Control -> Access Control

Forward Lookup resolves a Hostname to its IP address. Reverse Lookup resolves a IP Address to its Hostname.

VoIP is Voice Over Internet Protocol. voice based network used to communicate through IP
It works...like Vonage...

A VPN connection is the extension of a private network that includes links across
shared or public networks, such as the Internet. VPN connections (VPNs) enable
organizations to send data between two computers across the Internet in a manner
that emulates the properties of a point-to-point private link. Basically, a VPN is a private network that uses a public network (usually the
Internet) to connect remote sites or users together. Instead of using a dedicated,
real-world connection such as leased line, a VPN uses "virtual" connections routed
through the Internet from the company's private network to the remote site or
employee. In this article, you will gain a fundamental understanding of VPNs,
and learn about basic VPN components, technologies, tunneling and security.

There are five topologies for networks -> Ring Topology -> Star Topology. -> Bus Topology. -> Mess Topology. -> Hybrid Topology.

A continuous signaling of error conditions on a LAN. In a token ring network, a beacon frame is sent by the adapter if a failure in the line is detected. 
In a wireless network, the continuous transmission of small packets (beacons) from the access point (base station) that advertise its presence. The mobile units sense the beacons and attempt to establish a wireless connection.