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What is Micro-Array?

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Asked By: love03 |

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It refers to the grid of nucleic acid molecules of known sequence linked to a solid substrate, which can be probed with a sample containing either messenger RNA or complementary DNA from a cell or tissue to reveal changes in gene expression relative to a control sample.

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Sunday, April 27, 2008

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What is Metaplasia?

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Asked By: love03 |

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It is the abnormal transformation of an adult, fully differentiated tissue of one kind into a differentiated tissue of another kind.

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Sunday, April 27, 2008

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What is Therapeutic Cloning?

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Asked By: love03 |

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It is generation and manipulation of stem cells with the objective of deriving cells of a particular organ or tissue to treat a disease.

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Sunday, April 27, 2008

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What is Foci?

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Asked By: lelet03 |

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These are small groups of cells distinguishable, in appearance or histochemically, from the surrounding tissue: indicative of an early stage of a lesion that may lead to the formation of a neoplastic nodule.

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Sunday, April 27, 2008

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What is the Difference b/w Totipotent and pluripotent stem cells?

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Asked By: mithun |

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Totipotency is the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all the differentiated cells in an organism,
including extraembryonic tissues. Totipotent cells formed during sexual and asexual reproduction include spores and zygotes.the definition of pluripotency has come to refer to a stem cell that has the potential to differentiate into any of the three germ layers: endoderm (interior stomach lining, gastrointestinal tract, the lungs), mesoderm (muscle, bone, blood, urogenital), or ectoderm (epidermal tissues and nervous system). Pluripotent stem cells can give rise to any fetal or adult cell type. However, alone they cannot develop into a fetal or adult animal because they lack the potential to contribute to extraembryonic tissue, such as the placenta.

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Thursday, March 20, 2008

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boitech, Totipotent, pluripotent, stem cells

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biotech

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What is Radiosurgery?

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Asked By: Anonymous |

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Stereotactic radiosurgery is the very precise delivery of radiation to a brain tumor while sparing the surrounding normal brain tissue. Because it is so precise, stereotactic radiosurgery allows a higher dose of radiation to be given with more sparing of normal brain than can be achieved with conventional radiotherapy techniques.Information from MRI and/or CT scans are directly transferred to the treatment planning computer system to create a 3-D model of the tumor and surrounding normal brain. A complex radiation delivery planning system is utilized to target a high dose of radiation at the tumor while greatly limiting the dose to nearby normal brain. Special devices are used to keep the head still so that the radiation will be aimed with great accuracy at the targeted tumor.

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Wednesday, September 19, 2007

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radiology, Radiosurgery, brain tumor, MRI, CT scans, brain tissue

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What is Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Tumors?

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Asked By: Anonymous |

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Radiofrequency Ablation is a special needle electrode is placed in the tumor under the guidance of an imaging method such as ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scanning. A radiofrequency current then is passed through the electrode to heat the tumor tissue near the needle tip and ablate-or eliminate-it. The heat from radiofrequency energy also closes up small blood vessels, thereby minimizing the risk of bleeding. In general, radiofrequency ablation causes only minimal discomfort and may be done as an outpatient procedure without general anesthesia. Admission to the hospital is not usually necessary.

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Wednesday, September 19, 2007

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radiology, Radiofrequency Ablation, needle electrode, tumor, liver, ultrasound, computed tomography, blood vessels

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What is proton therapy and how is it used?

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Asked By: Anonymous |

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Protons are atoms that carry a positive charge. Just as x-rays are used to treat both benign and malignant tumors, a beam of protons can be used to radiate tumors in the same way. There is essentially no biological difference between x-ray and protons, except that protons release most of their energy when they hit the tumor and deliver no exit dose beyond the tumor boundary. Therefore, the dose of radiation conforms to the tumor better and there is less damage to healthy tissue. As a result, the treating physician (a radiation oncologist) can give an even greater dose to the tumor while minimizing unwanted side effects. This is especially important when treating children, because it reduces radiation to growing and developing tissues.

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Wednesday, September 19, 2007

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atoms, tissue, tumor, proton therapy, radiation, positive, x-rays, radiation oncologist

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What is the use of a gamma knife?

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Asked By: Anonymous |

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The gamma knife and its associated computerized treatment planning software enable physicians to locate and irradiate relatively small targets in the head (mostly inside the brain) with extremely high precision. Intense doses of radiation can be given to the targeted area(s) while largely sparing the surrounding tissues. The gamma knife can be used for a wide variety of problems. For example, it can be used to treat selected cthat arise in or spread to the brain (primary brain tumors or metastatic tumors), benign brain tumors (meningiomas, pituitary adenomas, acoustic neuromas), blood vessel defects (arterio-venous malformations) and functional problems (trigeminal neuralgia). Possible future uses are being evaluated for epilepsy and Parkinson's disease.

The gamma knife loses its ability to spare surrounding normal tissues as the number of targets increases, is not suitable for large targets (larger than three to four centimeters in size) and is not used for targets outside of the head.

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Wednesday, September 19, 2007

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radiology, tissue, gamma knife, small target, computerized treatment, benign brain tumors, blood vessel defects

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