To access an XML Web service from a client application, you first add a Web reference, which is a reference to an XML Web service. When you create a Web reference, Visual Studio creates an XML Web service proxy class automatically and adds it to your project. This proxy class exposes the methods of the XML Web service and handles the marshalling of appropriate arguments back and forth between the XML Web service and your application. Visual Studio uses the Web Services Description Language (WSDL) to create the proxy.

SOAP is an XML-based messaging framework specifically designed for exchanging formatted data across the Internet, for example using request and reply messages or sending entire documents. SOAP is simple, easy to use, and completely neutral with respect to operating system, programming language, or distributed computing platform. The Web Services Description Language (WSDL) is a particular form of an XML Schema

It is using a router to answer ARP requests. This will be done when the originating host believes that a destination is local, when in fact is lies beyond router.

A hardware device or software used to forward Internet data between devices and the Internet, also used to share a single Internet account among multiple user.

Samba is a product that provides file and print services to Windows-based clients. Samba does not offer thin client services, web server services or proxy server services.

You could use either Microsoft's Internet and Security Acceleration (ISA) server as a front-end proxy or implement URLScan on the target IIS server. The urlscan.ini file has the AllowDotInPath directive which will block directory traversal attempts