GMO - Genetically modified organism (GMO) is Genetic material of an organism is  altered with the help of genetic engineering techniques generally known as recombinant DNA technology. DNA molecules from one source is combined with the DNA of other in vitro into one molecule to create a new gene. The recombinant DNA is then transferred into an organism causing the expression of modified or novel traits. The product is also known as an Genetically Engineered Organism or GEO.

Examples Transgenic animals (mice, fish),  transgenic plants (BT Cotton, Flavour Savour Tomato), or various microbes (fungi and bacteria) . The production and use of GMOs are ivolved in biology or medicine, for the production of pharmaceuticals and industrial enzymes, and for direct, and often controversial, applications aimed at improving human health (e.g., gene therapy) or agriculture (e.g., golden rice). For example, a gene from a jellyfish, encoding a fluorescent protein called GFP, can be physically linked and thus co-expressed with mammalian genes to identify the location of the protein encoded by the GFP-tagged gene in the mammalian cell. The indispensable use of GMO is in many areas of research, such as to study the mechanisms of human and other diseases .

Plant molecular farming is the growing of plants in agriculture to produce pharmaceutical or industrial
compounds instead of food, feed, or fibre. The possibilities range from the manufacture of medical
products, such as pharmaceuticals (drugs) and vaccines, to the production of products like biodegradable plastics and industrial chemicals.

Transgenic plants have been used to produce insect resistance plants like cotton, soya and corn. But now efforts are ben made to produce plants with improved product quality. In addition to that transgenic plants are going to be most sought after bioreators for producing edible vaccine, anitbodies, bioplastic, highly saturated oil, pharmaceuticals, and for many other metabolic products and byproducts of ecomonic importance.