GMO - Genetically modified organism (GMO) is Genetic material of an organism is  altered with the help of genetic engineering techniques generally known as recombinant DNA technology. DNA molecules from one source is combined with the DNA of other in vitro into one molecule to create a new gene. The recombinant DNA is then transferred into an organism causing the expression of modified or novel traits. The product is also known as an Genetically Engineered Organism or GEO.

Examples Transgenic animals (mice, fish),  transgenic plants (BT Cotton, Flavour Savour Tomato), or various microbes (fungi and bacteria) . The production and use of GMOs are ivolved in biology or medicine, for the production of pharmaceuticals and industrial enzymes, and for direct, and often controversial, applications aimed at improving human health (e.g., gene therapy) or agriculture (e.g., golden rice). For example, a gene from a jellyfish, encoding a fluorescent protein called GFP, can be physically linked and thus co-expressed with mammalian genes to identify the location of the protein encoded by the GFP-tagged gene in the mammalian cell. The indispensable use of GMO is in many areas of research, such as to study the mechanisms of human and other diseases .

In RFLP analysis, the DNA of an organism is cut up into fragments using restriction enzymes. A large number of short fragments of DNA will be produced.
Restriction enzymes always cut at the same base sequence.
Because no two individuals have identical DNA, no two individuals will have the same length fragments. For
example, the enzyme EcoRI always cuts DNA at the sequence GAATTC.
Different people  have different numbers of this particular sequence and will therefore have different fragment
lengths.  some of them will be at different locations on the chromosome.
DNA were placed on the gelatin.
The DNA bands must be stained to make them visible.
Ethidium bromide-stained DNA will fluoresce when illuminated with UV light.
PCR techniques are used to produce sufficient quantities of DNA for this technique.

in the traditional breeding technique the desired gene is not transferrable perfectly according to our  choice. in
the rdna the desired gene is modified according to the gene interest which can be manipulated with several ways by using dna modifying enzymes and thus the gene is transferred into the host or organism known as "GEMS".

Immobilized enzymes are enzymes which are either covalently bound or absorbed onto the surface of an insoluble support. Immobilized enzymes have several advantages over the soluble enzyme.
Convenience: Miniscule amounts of protein dissolve in the reaction, so workup can be much easier. Upon completion, reaction mixtures typically contain only solvent and reaction products.
Economical: The immobilized enzyme is easily removed from the reaction making it easy to recycle the biocatalyst. Stability: Immobilized enzymes typically have greater thermal and operational stability than the soluble form of the enzyme.