Food biotechnology is a process scientists use to enhance the production, nutritional value, safety, and taste of foods. It can also benefit the environment by improving crops so that they need fewer pesticides.

GMO - Genetically modified organism (GMO) is Genetic material of an organism is  altered with the help of genetic engineering techniques generally known as recombinant DNA technology. DNA molecules from one source is combined with the DNA of other in vitro into one molecule to create a new gene. The recombinant DNA is then transferred into an organism causing the expression of modified or novel traits. The product is also known as an Genetically Engineered Organism or GEO.

Examples Transgenic animals (mice, fish),  transgenic plants (BT Cotton, Flavour Savour Tomato), or various microbes (fungi and bacteria) . The production and use of GMOs are ivolved in biology or medicine, for the production of pharmaceuticals and industrial enzymes, and for direct, and often controversial, applications aimed at improving human health (e.g., gene therapy) or agriculture (e.g., golden rice). For example, a gene from a jellyfish, encoding a fluorescent protein called GFP, can be physically linked and thus co-expressed with mammalian genes to identify the location of the protein encoded by the GFP-tagged gene in the mammalian cell. The indispensable use of GMO is in many areas of research, such as to study the mechanisms of human and other diseases .

White biotechnology, also known as grey biotechnology, is biotechnology applied to
industrial processes. An example is the designing of an organism to produce a
useful chemical. White biotechnology tends to consume less in resources than
traditional processes when used to produce industrial goods.

Green biotechnology is biotechnology applied to agricultural processes. It is  the designing of an organism
to grow under specific environmental conditions or in the presence or absence of certain agricultural chemicals.
Green biotechnology tends to produce environmentally more friendly solutions than traditional industrial agriculture.
An example of this is the engineering of a plant to express a pesticide, thereby reducing the need for external
application of pesticides.

Red biotechnology is biotechnology applied to medical processes. Some examples are the designing of organisms to produce antibiotics, and the engineering of genetic cures to diseases through genomic manipulation.

Novel feeds are feeds composed of or derived from microorganisms, plants or animal sources that:
are not approved as livestock feed in Canada (not listed in Schedule IV or V of the Feeds Regulations)
and/or contain a novel trait

Novel feeds include microbial products (e.g. forage inoculants, fermentation products) plants with novel
traits, and plants with no history of use as feed, and products/by-products of biotechnology-derived animals.