HERE in free electrophoresis protein solution is composed of 3 components a,b,c
carry charges of same sign but of diferent magnitude. the solution will be homogeneous from ascending boundary to descending boundary.
on the flow ofcurrent 3 components are seperate. during electrophoresis
concentration gradients will be set at the boundaries. method is free
electrophoresis. in zone electrophoresis migration of proteins in an electric field passing through
a solution supported by inert materials such as filter paper, starch gel, silica
gel is termed as gel electrophoresis.

The superiority of TLC over paper chromatography because of inorganic nature of adsorbent concentrated
sulfuric acid spray followed by heating may be used to develope on the chromatogram by charring.
moreover aminoacid mixtures which require 18 hours for seperation on paper require 3 hrs using cellulose TLC.
advantage also lies in choice of adsobents which allow seperation not possible on paper.

bionics

Totipotency is the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all the differentiated cells in an organism,
including extraembryonic tissues. Totipotent cells formed during sexual and asexual reproduction include spores and zygotes.the definition of pluripotency has come to refer to a stem cell that has the potential to differentiate into any of the three germ layers: endoderm (interior stomach lining, gastrointestinal tract, the lungs), mesoderm (muscle, bone, blood, urogenital), or ectoderm (epidermal tissues and nervous system). Pluripotent stem cells can give rise to any fetal or adult cell type. However, alone they cannot develop into a fetal or adult animal because they lack the potential to contribute to extraembryonic tissue, such as the placenta.

Food biotechnology is a process scientists use to enhance the production, nutritional value, safety, and taste of foods. It can also benefit the environment by improving crops so that they need fewer pesticides.

A transgenic organism is one whose genome has been subject to artificial
modification. A transgenic organism may result when foreign DNA is inserted into
the nucleus of a fertilized embryo. Bacterial transformation is another example of a process that leads to a transgenic organism.