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GMO - Genetically modified organism (GMO) is Genetic material of an organism is  altered with the help of genetic engineering techniques generally known as recombinant DNA technology. DNA molecules from one source is combined with the DNA of other in vitro into one molecule to create a new gene. The recombinant DNA is then transferred into an organism causing the expression of modified or novel traits. The product is also known as an Genetically Engineered Organism or GEO.

Examples Transgenic animals (mice, fish),  transgenic plants (BT Cotton, Flavour Savour Tomato), or various microbes (fungi and bacteria) . The production and use of GMOs are ivolved in biology or medicine, for the production of pharmaceuticals and industrial enzymes, and for direct, and often controversial, applications aimed at improving human health (e.g., gene therapy) or agriculture (e.g., golden rice). For example, a gene from a jellyfish, encoding a fluorescent protein called GFP, can be physically linked and thus co-expressed with mammalian genes to identify the location of the protein encoded by the GFP-tagged gene in the mammalian cell. The indispensable use of GMO is in many areas of research, such as to study the mechanisms of human and other diseases .
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Thursday, March 20, 2008
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Insulin is a protein synthesized in E.coli bacteria. Trade name is Humulin.
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Thursday, March 20, 2008
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Plant-incorporated protectants are pesticidal substances produced and used by the living plant,typically to protect the plant from pests, such as insects, viruses, and fungi. Plant-incorporatedprotectants can occur naturally in plants, or can be introduced into plants through either theconventional breeding of sexually compatible plants or through the techniques of modern biology (e.g.genetic engineering). For example, the Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringensis (Bt) bacteria can beintroduced into plants, which then produce the pesticidal protein and provide the plant with resistanceto Lepidopteran insects (e.g. the European corn borer larvae). Plant-incorporated protectants havealso been referred to as plant-pesticides.
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Thursday, March 20, 2008
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both cause harm to human health..but
bacteria is single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission; important as pathogens and for biochemical properties; taxonomy is difficult; often considered to be plants
virus is an ultramicroscopic (20 to 300 nm in diameter), metabolically inert, infectious agent that replicates only within the cells of living hosts, mainly bacteria, plants, and animals: composed of an RNA or DNA core, a protein coat, and, in more complex types, a surrounding envelope.

viruses are more dangerous than bacteria...
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Friday, February 01, 2008
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Cosmetic mouthwashes- Most over-the-counter commercial mouthwashes fall into this category. In most cases, they are designed to mask bad breath (halitosis),  rinse debris from the teeth and gums and temporarily reduce the amount of bacteria in the mouth.

Therapeutic mouthwashes-These offer the same benefits as cosmetic rinses, but also help prevent or treat certain oral health conditions, such as the build-up of dental plaque. This includes prescription antiplaque and antigingivitis rinses, as well as rinses that contain fluoride (which strengthens the teeth and protects them from decay). Some may also provide relief from oral pain.
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Wednesday, September 19, 2007
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In recent years astronomers and biologists have discovered that many of the molecules essential for life - purines, amino acids, etc. - seem to be widely distributed in the universe, and hence might gain a foothold on other suitable planets. Some maintain that these seeds of life, "transpermia," wafting through the universe are the most likely reason for the origin of life on earth. But whether life on this planet began by a unique, fortuitous combination of elements or was jump-started by transpermia from afar, bear in mind that there is no evidence of any form of life during earth's first billion years. Only at about 3.8 billion years ago have we found evidence for the first life forms, prokaryotes - simple cells without an organized nucleus.    
        From one point of view we are minor actors in a scheme of which we are largely unaware. From another point of view bacteria illustrate how very simple organisms can become spectacularly successful - aided immensely, of course, by invading complex organisms, and bending these hosts to their own purposes.                               

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Tuesday, October 16, 2007
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