The gamma knife and its associated computerized treatment planning software enable physicians to locate and irradiate relatively small targets in the head (mostly inside the brain) with extremely high precision. Intense doses of radiation can be given to the targeted area(s) while largely sparing the surrounding tissues. The gamma knife can be used for a wide variety of problems. For example, it can be used to treat selected cthat arise in or spread to the brain (primary brain tumors or metastatic tumors), benign brain tumors (meningiomas, pituitary adenomas, acoustic neuromas), blood vessel defects (arterio-venous malformations) and functional problems (trigeminal neuralgia). Possible future uses are being evaluated for epilepsy and Parkinson's disease.

The gamma knife loses its ability to spare surrounding normal tissues as the number of targets increases, is not suitable for large targets (larger than three to four centimeters in size) and is not used for targets outside of the head.

Radioactive Iodine I-131 (also called Radioiodine I-131) therapy is a treatment for an overactive thyroid,  a condition called hyperthyroidism.The thyroid is a gland in the neck that produces two hormones  that regulate all aspects of the body's metabolism,  the process of converting food into energy. When a thyroid gland is overactive, it produces too much of these hormones, accelerating the body's metabolism. Radioiodine (I -131) Therapy helps prevent it.

In the Nuclear medicine process the doses of radiopharmaceutical administered are very small, nuclear medicine procedures result in exposure to a small dose of radiation. Nuclear medicine has been used for more than five decades, and there are no known long-term adverse effects from such low-dose studies.

As with all radiologic procedures, be sure to inform your physician if you are pregnant. In general, exposure to radiation during pregnancy should be kept to a minimum.

Allergic reactions to the radiopharmaceutical can occur, but are extremely rare.